1. Mhedziso yeAdsorption Separation process
Adsorption (Adsorption) zvinoreva kuti kana mvura (gasi kana mvura) yasangana nechinhu chakasimba chine porous, chimwe kana zvimwe zvikamu zviri mumvura zvinotamiswa kuenda kunze kweiyo porous substance uye mukati meiyo micropores kuti ipfume panzvimbo idzi. gadzira monomolecular layer kana multimolecules layer process.
Mvura iri kushambadzirwa inonzi adsorbate, uye iyo porous solid particles pachayo inonzi adsorbent.
Nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvimiro zveiyo adsorbate uye iyo adsorbent, iyo adsorption kugona kweiyo adsorbent kune akasiyana adsorbates zvakare akasiyana.Nepamusoro adsorption selectivity, zvikamu zvechikamu cheadsorption uye chikamu chekutora chinogona kupfumiswa, kuitira kuti uone kuparadzaniswa kwezvinhu.
2. Adsorption / desorption process
Adsorption process: Inogona kutariswa senzira yekuisa pfungwa kana senzira yekunyungudika.Naizvozvo, iyo yakadzika tembiricha uye yakakwira kudzvanywa, iyo yakakura iyo adsorption kugona.Kune ese adsorbents, iyo inonyanya kunyungudika (yepamusoro inofashaira nzvimbo) magasi adsorbed zvakanyanya, uye isinganyanyi kunyungudika (yepasi yekubikira nzvimbo) magasi adsorbed yakaderera.
Desorption process: Inogona kutariswa senzira yekuisa gasification kana volatilization.Naizvozvo, iyo yakakwirira tembiricha uye yakadzikira kudzvanywa, kunowedzera kupedzisa desorption.Kune ese ma sorbents, mamwe magasi ane liquefied (yepamusoro pabikira) haanyanyi kunyungudika, uye asinganyanyi kunyunguduka (pasi painobikira) magasi anonyungudika nyore nyore.
3. Nheyo yekuparadzanisa adsorption uye kupatsanurwa kwayo
Adsorption yakakamurwa kuita yemuviri adsorption uye makemikari adsorption.
Nheyo yekuparadzanisa kwenyama: Kupatsanura kunowanikwa nekushandisa mutsauko musimba rekushambadza (van der Waals force, electrostatic force) pakati peatomu kana mapoka ari panzvimbo yakasimba uye mamorekuru ekunze.Hukuru hwesimba rekushambadza hune hukama nehunhu hwese ari maviri adsorbent uye adsorbate.
Nheyo yemakemikari adsorption kupatsanurwa kunobva pane adsorption process umo kemikari reaction inoitika pamusoro peiyo yakasimba adsorbent kusanganisa adsorbate uye adsorbent nekemikari bond, saka sarudzo yakasimba.Chemisorption kazhinji inononoka, inogona kungogadzira monolayer uye haidzokerike.
4. Common Adsorbent Types
Akajairika adsorbents anonyanya kusanganisira: ma molecular sieves, activated carbon, silica gel, uye activated alumina.
Molecular sieve: Iyo ine yakajairwa microporous chiteshi chimiro, ine yakatarwa nzvimbo inosvika 500-1000m²/g, kunyanya micropores, uye pore saizi yekugovera iri pakati pe0.4-1nm.Iyo adsorption hunhu hwema molecular sieves inogona kushandurwa nekugadzirisa iyo molecular sieve chimiro, kuumbwa uye mhando yeanopikisa cations.Masefa emamorekuru anonyanya kutsamira pachimiro chepore chimiro uye Coulomb simba munda pakati peiyo yakaenzana cation uye molecular sieve framework kugadzira adsorption.Ivo vane yakanaka yekudziya uye hydrothermal kugadzikana uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuparadzanisa uye kucheneswa kweakasiyana gasi uye mvura zvikamu.Iyo adsorbent ine maitiro ekusarudza kwakasimba, kudzika kwepamusoro adsorption uye yakakura adsorption kugona kana yakashandiswa;
Activated kabhoni: Iyo ine yakapfuma micropore uye mesopore chimiro, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo inosvika 500-1000m²/g, uye pore saizi yekugovera iri kunyanya muhuwandu hwe2-50nm.Activated carbon inonyanya kuvimba ne van der Waals force inogadzirwa ne adsorbate kugadzira adsorption, uye inonyanya kushandiswa adsorption ye organic compounds, heavy hydrocarbon organic matter adsorption uye kubvisa, deodorant, nezvimwewo;
Silica gel: Iyo chaiyo nzvimbo ye silica gel-based adsorbents ingangoita 300-500m²/g, kunyanya mesoporous, ine pore saizi kugoverwa kwe2-50nm, uye mukati mepores akapfuma mupamusoro hydroxyl mapoka.Inonyanya kushandiswa adsorption kuomesa uye kumanikidza swing adsorption kugadzira CO₂, nezvimwewo;
Activated alumina: Iyo chaiyo nzvimbo inosvika 200-500m²/g, kunyanya mesopores, uye pore saizi yekugovera i2-50nm.Inonyanya kushandiswa mukuomesa uye kupera simba, acid tsvina gasi kuchenesa, nezvimwe.
