Kukupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwechimiro, misimboti yekushanda, zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zveaxial flow compressors.
Kuziva nezve axial compressors
Axial flow compressors uye centrifugal compressors ese ari emhando yekumhanyisa compressors, uye ese ari maviri anonzi turbine compressors;zvinoreva speed type compressors zvinoreva kuti misimboti yavo yekushanda inotsamira pamablades kuita basa pagasi, uye kutanga kuita kuti gasi riyerere Kuyerera kwevelocity kunowedzera zvakanyanya kusati kwashandura kinetic simba kuita simba rekumanikidza.Kuenzaniswa necentrifugal compressor, sezvo kuyerera kwegasi mucompressor kusiri munzira yeradial, asi pamwe neaxial direction, chinhu chikuru cheiyo axial flow compressor ndechekuti kuyerera kwegasi pane imwe nzvimbo yakakura, uye zvakafanana. Pasi pechimiro chekugadzirisa gasi vhoriyamu, iyo radial dimension idiki, kunyanya yakakodzera kune zviitiko zvinoda kuyerera kukuru.Uye zvakare, iyo axial inoyerera compressor ine zvakare zvakanakira zveyakapusa chimiro, nyore kushanda uye kugadzirisa.Nekudaro, zviri pachena kuti yakaderera kune centrifugal compressors maererano neakaomesesa blade profile, yakakwirira yekugadzira dhizaini zvinodiwa, nhete yakagadzikana nzvimbo yekushanda, uye kudiki kuyerera kwekugadzirisa siyana nekumhanya nguva dzose.
Iyi inotevera nhamba idhizaini yechimiro cheAV yakatevedzana axial flow compressor:
1. Chassis
Iyo casing yeaxial flow compressor yakagadzirirwa kupatsanurwa yakatwasuka uye yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa (simbi).Iyo ine hunhu hwekusimba kwakanaka, hapana deformation, kunyura ruzha uye kuderedza vibration.Simbisa nemabhaudhi kuti ubatanidze mahafu ekumusoro neezasi kuita akanyanya kuomarara chose.
Iyo casing inotsigirwa pachigadziko pamapoinzi mana, uye mana ekutsigira mapoinzi akaiswa pamativi ese epazasi casing padhuze nepakati kupatsanurwa kwepamusoro, kuitira kuti kutsigirwa kwechikwata kuve nekugadzikana kwakanaka.Maviri emapoinzi mana ekutsigira mapoinzi akagadziriswa, uye mamwe maviri ari mapoinzi ekutsvedza.Chikamu chezasi checasing chinopihwawo makiyi maviri ekutungamira pamwe neaxial direction, ayo anoshandiswa pakuwedzera kupisa kweiyo unit panguva yekushanda.
Kune mahombe mayuniti, inotsvedza inotsigira poindi inotsigirwa nebheji rekuzunguza, uye zvakakosha zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuita kuti kupisa kwekuwedzera kuve kudiki uye kuderedza shanduko yepakati kureba kweyuniti.Mukuwedzera, rubatsiro rwepakati rwakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kuoma kwechikwata.
2. Static vane inotakura humburumbira
Iyo stationary vane inotakura silinda ndiyo silinda yekutsigira yeinogadziriswa yakamira vanes yecompressor.Yakagadzirwa seyakaganhurwa yakatsemuka.Saizi yejometri inotarwa neiyo aerodynamic dhizaini, inova iyo yakakosha yemukati yeiyo compressor chimiro dhizaini.Mhete inopinza inopindirana nekuguma kweiyo stationary vane inotakura silinda, uye iyo diffuser inoenderana nekupedza kupera.Iwo akateedzana akabatana necasing uye yekuisa chisimbiso sleeve kuti iite inoshandura ndima yekupera kwekutora uye nzira yekuwedzera yekupedza kupera.Mugero uye chiteshi chakaumbwa ne rotor uye vane vane humburumbira zvinosanganiswa kuti zvigadzire mhepo yakakwana yekuyerera chiteshi che axial flow compressor.
Silinda yemuviri weiyo stationary vane inotakura silinda inokandwa kubva kune ductile iron uye yakanyatsogadzirwa muchina.Iyo miviri migumo inotsigirwa zvakateerana pane casing, iyo yekupedzisira padyo nedivi rekuburitsa itsigiro inotsvedza, uye magumo padyo nedivi rekutora mhepo itsigiro yakagadziriswa.
Pane madhiraivha anotenderedzwa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana uye otomatiki vane mabheji, cranks, masiraidhi, zvichingodaro.Iyo yakamira shizha inotakura inki yakatenderedzwa ine yakanaka yekuzvizora, uye hupenyu hwayo hwesevhisi hunodarika makore makumi maviri nemashanu, iyo yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika.Silicone sealing ring inoiswa pane vane stalk kudzivirira kubuda kwegasi uye guruva kupinda.Kuzadza mitsetse yekuisa chisimbiso inopiwa padenderedzwa rekunze rekupera kweiyo cylinder inotakura uye kutsigirwa kwecasing kudzivirira kubuda.
3. Kugadzirisa cylinder uye vane kugadzirisa michina
Iyo silinda yekugadziridza inoshongedzwa nesimbi mahwendefa, inopatsanurwa yakatwasuka, uye iyo yepakati inopatsanurwa pamusoro inobatanidzwa nemabhaudhi, ane yakakwirira rigidity.Inotsigirwa mukati mekasi pamapoinzi mana, uye mana ekutsigira mabheji anogadzirwa neasina-lubricated "Du" simbi.Iwo mapoinzi maviri kune rimwe divi akavharwa semi-akavharwa, achibvumira axial kufamba;mapoinzi maviri kune rumwe rutivi anogadzirwa Rudzi runobvumira axial uye radial thermal kuwedzera, uye zvindori zvinotungamira zvematanho akasiyana-siyana evanes akaiswa mukati mekugadzirisa cylinder.
Iyo stator blade inogadzirisa michina inoumbwa ne servo mota, inobatanidza ndiro, inogadzirisa cylinder uye blade inotsigira cylinder.Basa rayo nderekugadzirisa kona ye stator blades pamatanho ose e compressor kuti asangane nemamiriro ekushanda akasiyana.Ma servo motors maviri akaiswa pamativi ese e compressor uye akabatana neinogadzirisa silinda kuburikidza neplate yekubatanidza.Iyo servo mota, chiteshi chemafuta emagetsi, pombi yemafuta, uye seti ye otomatiki yekudzora zviridzwa inoumba hydraulic servo mechanism yekugadzirisa kona yevane.Kana iyo 130bar yakakwira-kudzvanywa mafuta kubva kumagetsi chiteshi chemagetsi ichiita, piston ye servo mota inosundidzirwa kuti ifambe, uye ndiro yekubatanidza inotyaira silinda yegadziriso kuti ifambe zvakaenderana munzira yeaxial, uye inotsvedza inotyaira stator vane kutenderera. kuburikidza ne crank, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekugadzirisa kona ye stator vane.Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva kune aerodynamic dhizaini zvinodiwa kuti chiyero chekugadzirisa chevane angle chega chega checompressor chakasiyana, uye kazhinji huwandu hwekugadzirisa hunodzikira zvichitevedzana kubva padanho rekutanga kusvika padanho rekupedzisira, izvo zvinogona kuitika nekusarudza kureba. ye crank, ndiko kuti, kubva padanho rekutanga kusvika padanho rekupedzisira ichiwedzera kureba.
Silinda inogadzirisa inonziwo "humburumbira yepakati" nekuti inoiswa pakati pekasi uye blade inotakura humburumbira, nepo casing uye blade inotakura cylinder inonzi "outer cylinder" uye "inner cylinder" zvichiteerana.Iyi matatu-layer cylinder chimiro inoderedza zvakanyanya deformation uye kushushikana kusungirirwa kweiyo unit nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa, uye panguva imwechete inodzivirira nzira yekugadzirisa kubva kuguruva uye kukuvara kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekunze zvinhu.
4. rotor uye mashizha
Iyo rotor inoumbwa neiyo huru shaft, mashizha anofambisa pamatanho ese, spacer blocks, mapoka ekuvhara blade, nyuchi blades, etc. Iyo rotor ndeye yakaenzana yemukati dhayamita chimiro, iyo yakanakira kugadzirisa.
Iyo yekuruka inogadzirwa kubva kune yakakwirira alloy simbi.Iyo kemikari yekuumbwa kweiyo huru shaft zvinhu inoda kuongororwa uye kuongororwa, uye indekisi yekuita inotariswa neiyo test block.Mushure mekugadzira hutsinye, bvunzo yekumhanya inopisa inodikanwa kuti uone kugadzikana kwayo kwekupisa uye kubvisa chikamu chekushushikana kwasara.Mushure mekunge zviratidzo zviri pamusoro zvakwana, zvinogona kuiswa mukupedzisa machining.Mushure mekupedza kupedzisa, kuongorora kwemavara kana magineti particle inspection inodiwa pamajenari kumativi ese ari maviri, uye kutsemuka hakubvumidzwe.
Mashizha anofamba uye mablades akamira akagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina yekugadzira blanks, uye iyo mbishi zvinhu inoda kuongororwa kuumbwa kwemakemikari, michina zvivakwa, isiri-metallic slag inclusions uye kuputika.Mushure mekunge blade yapepereswa, kunyorova kwejecha kunoitwa kuti kuwedzere kuneta kwepamusoro.Iyo yekugadzira blade inoda kuyera frequency, uye kana zvichidikanwa, inoda kugadzirisa frequency.
Mashizha anofamba edanho rega rega anoiswa mumuti unotenderera wakaita semuti wakaita blade midzi groove pamwe neinotenderera nzira, uye spacer blocks anoshandiswa kumisikidza mashizha maviri, uye yekuvhara spacer zvivharo anoshandiswa kuisa uye kukiya mashizha maviri anofamba. yakaiswa pamagumo echikamu chimwe nechimwe.tight.
Kune maviri chiyero discs akagadziriswa pamativi ese evhiri, uye zviri nyore kuyera uremu mundege mbiri.Chiyereso chendiro uye chisimbiso chemaoko chinoumba bharanzi piston, inoshanda kuburikidza nepombi yekuenzanisa kuenzanisa chikamu cheiyo axial simba inogadzirwa nepneumatic, kuderedza mutoro pakutakura kutakura, uye kuita kutakura munzvimbo yakachengeteka.
5. Gland
Iko kune shaft end seal sleeve padivi rekutora uye exhaust side yecompressor zvichiteerana, uye mahwendefa echisimbiso akaiswa muzvikamu zvinowirirana zve rotor anoumba labyrinth chisimbiso kudzivirira kubuda kwegasi uye kubuda kwemukati.Kuti zvive nyore kuisa uye kugadzirisa, inogadziriswa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa bhuroka padenderedzwa rekunze rekuvhara sleeve.
6. Kutakura bhokisi
Radial bearings uye thrust bearings zvakarongwa mubhokisi rekutakura, uye mafuta ekuzora mabhengi anounganidzwa kubva mubhokisi rinotakura uye anodzorerwa kutangi remafuta.Kazhinji, pasi pebhokisi rine mudziyo wekutungamira (kana wakabatanidzwa), unoshanda pamwe nechigadziko kugadzira iyo unit centre uye thermally kuwedzera mune axial direction.Kune imba inopatsanurwa inotakura, makiyi matatu ekutungamira anoiswa pazasi pedivi kuti afambise kuwedzera kwekupisa kweimba.Axial gidhi kiyi inorongedzerwawo kune rimwe divi recasing kuti rifanane necasing.Bhokisi rinotakura rakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yekutarisa senge inotakura tembiricha kuyerwa, rotor vibration kuyerwa, uye shaft displacement kuyerwa.
7. kubereka
Yakawanda yeaxial thrust ye rotor inotakurwa nebalance plate, uye iyo yakasara axial thrust inenge 20 ~ 40kN inotakurwa ne thrust bear.Iwo ma thrust pads anogona kugadziridzwa otomatiki zvichienderana nehukuru hwemutoro kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mutoro padhi yega yega unogovaniswa zvakaenzana.Iwo ekusundira pads akagadzirwa nekabhoni simbi yakakandwa Babbitt alloy.
Kune marudzi maviri eradial bearings.Macompressor ane simba guru uye low speed anoshandisa elliptical bearings, uye macompressor ane simba shoma uye high speed anoshandisa tilting pad bearings.
Mahombe-mahombe mayuniti anowanzo akashongedzerwa ne-high-pressure jacking zvishandiso kuti zvive nyore kutanga.Iyo pombi yepamusoro-yekudzvanya inogadzira kudzvanywa kwakakwira kwe80MPa munguva pfupi, uye dziva remafuta epamusoro-soro rinoiswa pasi peiyo radial bearing kusimudza rotor uye kuderedza kutanga kushorwa.Mushure mekutanga, kudzvanywa kwemafuta kunodonha kusvika ku5 ~ 15MPa.
Iyo axial flow compressor inoshanda pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira.Kana mamiriro ekushanda achichinja, nzvimbo yaro yekushanda ichasiya nzvimbo yekugadzira uye kupinda munzvimbo isina kugadzirwa kwekushanda.Panguva ino, mamiriro chaiwo ekuyerera kwemhepo akasiyana nemamiriro ekushanda kwekugadzira., uye pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, mamiriro ekuyerera asina kugadzikana anoitika.Kubva pamaonero azvino, kune akati wandei akajairika asina kugadzikana mamiriro ekushanda: anoti, kutenderera kwestall mamiriro ekushanda, surge yekushanda mamiriro uye inovharira mamiriro ekushanda, uye aya matatu mamiriro ekushanda ndeeaerodynamic asina kugadzikana ekushanda mamiriro.
Kana iyo axial inoyerera compressor inoshanda pasi peaya asina kugadzikana ekushanda mamiriro, kwete chete kuti kushanda kwekushanda kuchave kwakanyanya kuderera, asi dzimwe nguva kudengenyeka kwakasimba kuchaitika, kuitira kuti muchina haugone kushanda zvakajairika, uye kunyangwe tsaona dzakanyanya kukuvara dzichaitika.
1. Chidyiro chinotenderera che axial flow compressor
Nharaunda iri pakati pekona yepasi peiyo yakamira vane uye diki yekushanda yekona mutsara weiyo maitiro curve yeaxial flow compressor inodaidzwa kuti inotenderera nzvimbo yekudyira, uye danga rinotenderera rakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: inofambira mberi uye abrupt stall.Kana huwandu hwemhepo huri pasi peiyo inotenderera yekutenderera mutsara muganho weiyo axial-kuyerera main fan, mhepo inoyerera kuseri kweblade ichatsemuka, uye mhepo inoyerera mukati memuchina inoumba kuyerera kuyerera, izvo zvichaita kuti blade ive. gadzira alternating stress uye kukonzera kuneta kukuvara.
Kuti udzivise kumira, mushandisi anodiwa kuti azive maitiro einjini, uye kuti apfuure munzvimbo inomira nekukurumidza panguva yekutanga-up maitiro.Munguva yekushanda kwekushanda, iyo shoma stator blade angle haifaniri kunge yakaderera pane yakatarwa kukosha maererano nemirairo yemugadziri.
2. Axial Compressor Surge
Kana iyo compressor ichishanda pamwe chete netiweki yepombi ine imwe vhoriyamu, kana compressor ichishanda pamwero wepamusoro wekumanikidza uye yakaderera kuyerera, kana iyo compressor yekuyerera iri pasi pehumwe kukosha, iyo yekumashure arc airflow yemablades ichave. zvakapatsanurwa zvakanyanya kudzamara nzira yavharwa, uye mafambiro emhepo achaputika zvine simba.Uye gadzira oscillation ine simba remhepo uye kushorwa kwemhepo kweiyo outlet pombi network.Panguva ino, iyo mhepo inoyerera ye network network inoshanduka zvakanyanya sese, ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemhepo uye kudzvanywa kunoshanduka nguva nenguva nenguva uye amplitude;simba uye ruzha rwe compressor zvese zvinoshanduka nguva nenguva..Shanduko dzataurwa pamusoro dzakanyanya, zvichiita kuti fuselage izununguke zvine simba, uye kunyangwe muchina haugone kuchengetedza kushanda kwakajairika.Chiitiko ichi chinonzi surge.
Sezvo kuvhiya kuri chiitiko chinoitika mumushini wese uye network system, haina hukama chete neyemukati kuyerera maitiro e compressor, asi zvakare zvinoenderana nehunhu hwepombi network, uye amplitude yayo uye frequency inodzorwa nevhoriyamu. ye pombi network.
Migumisiro yekuvhiya inowanzova yakakomba.Ichaita kuti compressor rotor uye stator zvikamu zviitike kushushikana uye kutyoka, zvichiita kuti interstage pressure abnormality ikonzere kuzunguzika kwakasimba, zvichikonzera kukuvadzwa kwezvisimbiso uye kukanda mabearings, uye kuita kuti rotor uye stator irove., zvichikonzera tsaona dzakakomba.Kunyanya ye-high-pressure axial flow compressors, kuvhiya kunogona kuparadza muchina munguva pfupi, saka compressor haibvumidzwe kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekuvhiya.
Kubva pakuongorora kwekutanga kuri pamusoro, zvinozivikanwa kuti kuvhiya kunotanga kukonzerwa nekutenderera kunokonzerwa nekusagadziriswa kweaerodynamic paramita uye geometric parameter mu compressor blade cascade pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akasiyana.Asi hazvisi zvese zvinotenderera zvinotenderera zvichange zvichitungamira mukuvhiya, iyo yekupedzisira inobatanawo neyepombi network system, saka kuumbwa kwechiitiko chekuvhiya kunosanganisira zvinhu zviviri: mukati, zvinoenderana neaxial flow compressor Pasi pemamwe mamiriro, kamwe-kamwe stall inoitika. ;kunze, inoenderana nekukwanisa uye hunhu mutsara wepombi network.Chekutanga chikonzero chemukati, nepo chekupedzisira chiri chekunze.Iyo yemukati chikonzero inongosimudzira kuvhiya nekubatana kwekunze mamiriro.
3. Kuvhara kweaxial compressor
Iyo blade huro nzvimbo ye compressor inogadziriswa.Kana chiyero chekuyerera chichiwedzera, nekuda kwekuwedzera kweaxial velocity yemhepo inoyerera, hukama hwekufamba kwemhepo hunowedzera, uye kona yakaipa yekurwisa (kona yekurwisa ndiyo kona pakati pekutungamira kwemhepo uye kona yekuisa. of the blade inlet) inowedzerawo.Panguva ino, avhareji yemhepo inoyerera pachikamu chidiki cheiyo cascade inlet ichasvika kumhanya kwezwi, kuitira kuti kuyerera kuburikidza ne compressor kusvike kukosha kwakakosha uye kusaramba kuchiwedzera.Chiitiko ichi chinonzi blocking.Uku kuvharidzira kwevane vekutanga kunogadzirisa kuyerera kwakanyanya kwe compressor.Kana mhepo inopera inodzikira, gasi riri mucompressor rinowedzera kuyerera nekuda kwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu yekuwedzera, uye kuvharika kuchaitikawo kana kuyerera kwemhepo kunosvika pakumhanya kwekunzwika mumhepo yekupedzisira.Nemhaka yokuti mhepo inoyerera yeblade yekupedzisira yakavharwa, mhepo yemhepo iri pamberi pechipimo chekupedzisira inowedzera, uye mhepo yemhepo iri shure kweyekupedzisira blade inoderera, zvichiita kuti mutsauko wepakati pakati pepamberi uye shure kwekupedzisira uwedzere, kuitira kuti simba riri kumberi nekumashure kweblade yekupedzisira harina kuenzana uye kushushikana kunogona kugadzirwa.kukonzera kukuvara kweblade.
Kana iyo blade chimiro uye cascade paramita yeaxial flow compressor yakatemwa, maitiro ayo ekuvharira anogadziriswa zvakare.Axial compressors haibvumidzwe kumhanya kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo iri pazasi pemutsara wekudzipwa.
Kazhinji kutaura, iyo anti-clogging control yeaxial flow compressor haidi kuve yakasimba senge anti-surge control, chiito chekudzora hachidiwe kukurumidza, uye hapana chikonzero chekumisa nzvimbo yekumisa rwendo.Kana iri yekuseta iyo anti-clogging control, zviri zvakare kune compressor pachayo Bvunza sarudzo.Vamwe vanogadzira vakafunga nezvekusimbiswa kwemashizha mukugadzira, kuitira kuti vakwanise kumira kuwedzera kwekunetseka kweflutter, saka havadi kugadzirisa kuvhara.Kana mugadziri akasafunga kuti simba reblade rinoda kuwedzerwa kana chiitiko chekuvhara chikaitika mudhizaini, anti-blocking otomatiki kudzora zvivakwa zvinofanirwa kupihwa.
Iyo anti-clogging control scheme yeaxial flow compressor ndeiyi inotevera: butterfly anti-clogging valve yakaiswa pane inobuda pombi ye compressor, uye masaini maviri ekuonekwa kweiyo inlet kuyerera kweyero uye yekubuda kudzvanywa inoiswa panguva imwe chete kune anti-clogging regulator.Kana kudzvinyirirwa kwemuchina kuchidonha zvisina kujairika uye nzvimbo yekushanda yemuchina inowira pasi peiyo anti-blocking mutsara, chiratidzo chekubuda chemutongi chinotumirwa kune anti-blocking valve kuita kuti valve ivhare idiki, saka kumanikidza kwemhepo kunowedzera. , chiyero chekuyerera chinoderera, uye nzvimbo yekushanda inopinda mumutsara we-anti-blocking.Pamusoro pemutsara wekuvhara, muchina unobvisa mamiriro ekuvharira.
