Inenge hafu yesimba repasi rose rinoshandiswa nemamotors, saka kushanda kwepamusoro kwemamotor kunonzi chiyero chinoshanda chekugadzirisa matambudziko enyika.
Kazhinji kutaura, inoreva kushandurwa kwesimba rinogadzirwa neazvino riri kuyerera mumagineti kuita chiito chekutenderera, uye mupfungwa yakafara, inosanganisirawo mutsara chiito.Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemagetsi emagetsi anofambiswa nemota, anogona kupatsanurwa kuita DC mota uye AC mota.Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekutenderera kwemota, inogona kukamurwa zvakaenzana muzvikamu zvinotevera.(kunze kwema motors akakosha)
AC AC mota Brushed mota: Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa brushed mota inowanzonzi DC mota.Electrode inonzi "brush" (stator side) uye "commutator" (armature side) inobatanidzwa sequentially kuti ichinje ikozvino, nokudaro ichiita chiito chinotenderera.Brushless DC mota: Haidi mabhurashi uye ma commutators, asi inoshandisa shanduko senge transistors kushandura ikozvino uye kuita kutenderera.Stepper mota: Iyi mota inoshanda zvakangofanana nesimba rekupuruzira, saka inonzi zvakare pulse mota.Hunhu hwayo nderekuti inokwanisa kuona zviri nyore kuita basa rekuisa.Asynchronous mota: Alternating ikozvino inoita kuti stator ibudise inotenderera magineti, iyo inoita kuti rotor ibudise induced ikozvino uye kutenderera pasi pekubatana kwayo.AC (alternating current) mota Synchronous mota: kuchinjanisa ikozvino kunogadzira inotenderera yemagineti, uye rotor ine magineti mapango inotenderera nekuda kwekukwezva.Chiyero chekutenderera chinowiriraniswa neiyo frequency simba.
Pane zvazvino, magineti uye simba Chekutanga, kuitira kufambisa tsananguro inotevera yemusimboti wemotokari, ngationgororei mitemo yekutanga / mitemo pamusoro pezvino, magineti uye simba.Kunyangwe paine manzwiro ekuda, zviri nyore kukanganwa ruzivo urwu kana iwe usingashandisi magineti zvikamu kazhinji.
Iyo mota inotenderera sei?1) mota inotenderera nerubatsiro rwemagineti uye simba remagineti.Kutenderedza magineti isingaperi ine shaft inotenderera, ① tenderedza magineti (kuburitsa magineti inotenderera), ② zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekuti mapango akasiyana eN pole neS pole anokwezva uye chiyero chakafanana chinodzinga, ③ iyo magineti ine shaft inotenderera inotenderera.
Ikozvino inoyerera muwaya inokonzera inotenderera magineti (magnetic force) yakaipoteredza, kuitira kuti magineti atenderere, izvo chaizvoizvo zvakafanana chiito mamiriro seizvi.
Mukuwedzera, kana waya yakakuvadzwa kuita coil, simba remagineti rinogadzirwa, richigadzira guru guru remagineti (magnetic flux), zvichiita kuti N-pole uye S-pole.Pamusoro pezvo, nekuisa musimboti wesimbi mucoil-shaped conductor, mitsara yemagineti inova nyore kupfuura uye inogona kugadzira simba remagineti rakasimba.2) Chaiyo inotenderera mota Pano, senzira inoshanda yekutenderera muchina wemagetsi, nzira yekugadzira inotenderera yemagineti nekushandisa matatu-chikamu AC uye coil inounzwa.(Three-phase AC chiratidzo che AC chine nguva yechikamu che120.) Makororo akakuvadzwa akatenderedza musimboti wesimbi akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu, uye U-phase makoiri, V-phase makoiri uye W-phase makoiri anorongwa panguva dzenguva. 120. Makoil ane high voltage anogadzira N matanda, uye makoiri ane low voltage anogadzira S matanda.Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanduka zvinoenderana neine wave, saka iyo polarity (N pole, S pole) inogadzirwa nekoiri yega yega uye magineti yayo (magnetic simba) inochinja.Panguva ino, ingotarisa makoiri anogadzira N pole, uye woashandura maererano neU-phase coil → V-phase coil → W-phase coil → U-phase coil, saka ichitenderera.Chimiro chemota diki Iyi nhamba inotevera inoratidza iyo yakajairika chimiro uye kuenzanisa yekutsika mota, brushed DC mota uye brushless DC mota.Izvo zvakakosha zvemamotor aya zvinonyanya makoiri, magineti uye rotor.Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana, dzakakamurwa kuita coil yakatarwa mhando uye magineti yakatarwa mhando.
Pano, iyo magineti yebhurashi DC mota yakamiswa kunze, uye coil inotenderera mukati.Iyo bhurashi uye commutator vane basa rekupa simba kune coil uye nekuchinja kwazvino kutungamira.Pano, coil ye brushless motor inogadziriswa kunze uye magineti anotenderera mukati.Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemotor, zvimiro zvavo zvakasiyana kunyangwe izvo zvakakosha zvikamu zvakafanana.Ichatsanangurwa zvakadzama muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.Brushed mota Chimiro chebhurashi mota Izvi zvinotevera kutaridzika kweiyo brushed DC mota inowanzoshandiswa mumuenzaniso, uye yakaputika dhiyabhorosi dhiyabhorosi yeakajairwa maviri-pole (magineti maviri) matatu-slot (matatu coils) mota.Zvichida vanhu vazhinji vane ruzivo rwekubvisa mota uye kubvisa magineti.Zvinogona kuoneka kuti magineti echigarire ebhurashi DC mota yakagadziriswa, uye coil yebrashi DC mota inogona kutenderera ichitenderedza mukati mepakati.Rutivi rwakagadziriswa runonzi "stator" uye rutivi runotenderera runonzi "rotor".
Inotenderera musimboti webhurashi mota ① Tenderedza kubva kune yekutanga nyika Coil A iri pamusoro, ichibatanidza magetsi kune bhurasho, uye reruboshwe ngarive (+) uye rutivi rwekurudyi ruve (-).Ikozvino hombe inoyerera kubva kuruboshwe bhurashi kuenda kune coil A kuburikidza nemukombi.Ichi chimiro umo chikamu chepamusoro (kunze) chekoiri A chinova S pole.Sezvo 1/2 yeikoiri yekoiri A inoyerera ichibva kuruboshwe bhurashi kuenda kunokoira B uye coil C iri mhiri kuenda kune coil A, mativi ekunze ecoil B necoil C anova asina kusimba N mapango (anoratidzwa nemavara madiki zvishoma mu mufananidzo).Iyo magineti inogadzirwa mumakoiri aya uye kudzorwa uye kukwezva kwemagineti kunoita kuti makoiri atenderere achipesana.② kuwedzera kutenderera kwewachi.Tevere, inofungidzirwa kuti bhurasho rekurudyi riri kusangana nevaviri vanofamba muhurumende iyo coil A inotenderera inopesana ne30 madhigirii.Ikozvino yecoil A inoramba ichiyerera kubva kuruboshwe bhurashi kuenda kubhurashi rekurudyi, uye rutivi rwekunze rwekoiri runochengeta S pole.Ikozvino yakafanana nekoiri A inoyerera kuburikidza nekoiri B, uye kunze kwekoiri B inova yakasimba N-danda.Sezvo magumo ese ecoil C ari mapfupi-akatenderedzwa nemabhurashi, hapana ikozvino inoyerera uye hapana magineti inogadzirwa.Kunyangwe mune iyi kesi, ichave iri pasi pesimba rekupokana neclockwise kutenderera.Kubva ③ kusvika ④, coil yekumusoro inoramba ichigashira simba richienda kuruboshwe, uye coil yezasi inoramba ichigashira simba richienda kurudyi, uye rinoramba richitenderera richienda kune wachi.Kana iyo coil ichitenderera kuenda ku ③ uye ④ yega yega madhigirii makumi matatu, kana coil iri pamusoro pepakati yakachinjika axis, divi rekunze rekoiri rinova S pole;Kana iyo coil iri pazasi, inova N pole, uye kufamba uku kunodzokororwa.Mune mamwe mazwi, coil yekumusoro inodzokororwa pasi pesimba rinofamba richienda kuruboshwe, uye coil yezasi inodzokororwa pasi pesimba rinoenda kurudyi (zvose zvinopesana newachi).Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti rotor igare ichitenderera neawa.Kana iyo magetsi yakabatana kune yakatarisana kuruboshwe bhurashi (-) uye kurudyi bhurashi (+), iyo magineti ine mativi akapesana inogadzirwa mucoil, saka kutungamira kwesimba rinoiswa kune coil rakapesana, richitenderera newachi. .Mukuwedzera, kana magetsi akadzimwa, rotor yebhurashi motokari inomira kutenderera nokuti hapana magnetic field kuti irambe ichitenderera.Matatu-chikamu akazara-wave brushless mota Kutaridzika uye chimiro chetatu-chikamu chizere-wave brushless mota
Yemukati dhizaini dhizaini uye yakaenzana dunhu rekubatanidza coil yeatatu-chikamu akazara-wave brushless mota Inotevera ndiyo dhiyabhorosi dhizaini yemukati chimiro uye yakaenzana dhizaini yekubatanidza coil.Iyo yemukati chimiro dhizaini muenzaniso wakapfava we2-pole (2 magineti) 3-slot (3 coils) mota.Iyo yakafanana neyebhurashi mota chimiro ine nhamba yakafanana yemapango uye inotsvedza, asi iyo coil side yakagadziriswa uye magineti anogona kutenderera.Chokwadi, hapana bhurasho.Muchiitiko ichi, iyo coil inotora Y-yekubatanidza nzira, uye iyo semiconductor chinhu chinoshandiswa kupa ikozvino kune coil, uye iyo inopinda uye kubuda kweiyo ikozvino inodzorwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemagineti inotenderera.Mumuenzaniso uyu, chinhu cheHoro chinoshandiswa kuona pakamira magineti.Iyo Horo element inorongwa pakati pemakoiri, uye inoona iyo inogadzirwa voltage zvinoenderana nesimba remagineti uye inoishandisa seruzivo rwechinzvimbo.Mumufananidzo weFDD spindle mota yakapihwa kare, zvinogonawo kuoneka kuti pane Horo chinhu (pamusoro pecoil) pakati pecoil necoil kuona chinzvimbo.Hall element inonyatsozivikanwa magineti sensor.Ukuru hwemagineti hunogona kushandurwa kuva hukuru hwemagetsi, uye kutungamira kwemagnetic field kunogona kumiririrwa nezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka.
Inotenderera misimboti yetatu-chikamu yakazara-wave brushless mota Tevere, musimboti wekutenderera weiyo brushless mota inotsanangurwa zvinoenderana nematanho ① ~ ⑥.Kuti unzwisise zviri nyore, iyo magineti yekusingaperi inorerutswa kubva kudenderedzwa kuenda kune rectangular pano.① Muchikamu chetatu coil, ita kuti coil 1 igadziriswe munzira 12 o'clock yewachi, iyo coil 2 igadziriswe munzira 4 o'clock yewachi, uye coil 3 igadziriswe mu8. o'clock direction yewachi.Rega N danda re2-pole risingaperi magineti rive kuruboshwe uye S pole ive kurudyi, uye inogona kutenderera.Iyo yazvino Io inoyerera ichipinda mucoil 1 kugadzira iyo S-pole magineti munda kunze kwecoil.Iyo Io/2 yazvino inoyerera ichibva kucoil 2 uye iyo coil 3 kugadzira iyo N-pole magnetic field kunze kwecoil.Kana iwo magineti minda yecoil 2 uye coil 3 yakagadzirwa-vector, iyo N-pole magineti inogadzirwa ichidzika, inova 0.5 yakapetwa saizi yemagineti inogadzirwa kana yazvino Io ichipfuura nepakati coil imwe, uye kana yawedzerwa kune iyo magineti. munda wekoiri 1, inova 1.5 nguva.Izvi zvinoburitsa magineti akaumbwa ane kona ye90 inoenderana negineti yekusingaperi, saka iyo yakanyanya torque inogona kugadzirwa uye inogara magineti inotenderera wachi.Kana iyo yazvino yecoil 2 yakaderedzwa uye ikozvino yekoiri 3 ichiwedzerwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekutenderera, iyo inoguma magineti inotendererawo wachi, uye magineti asingagumi zvakare anoenderera mberi achitenderera.② Kana ichitenderedzwa ne30 madhigirii, Io yemazuva ano inoyerera ichipinda mucoil 1, kuitira kuti ikozvino mukoiri 2 i zero, uye ikozvino Io inoyerera kubva mukoiri 3. Rutivi rwekunze rwekoiri 1 runova S pole, uye divi rekunze rekoiri 3 rinova N pole.Kana mavector abatanidzwa, iyo magineti inogadzirwa ndeye √3 (≈1.72) nguva dzakagadzirwa apo iyo yazvino Io inopfuura nepacoil.Izvi zvinoburitsawo mhedzisiro yemagineti pakona ye90 zvine ruremekedzo kune iyo magineti yemagineti isingaperi, uye tenderera newachi.Kana iyo yekupinda ikozvino Io yecoil 1 yakaderedzwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekutenderera, iyo inoyerera ikozvino yecoil 2 inowedzerwa kubva ku zero, uye kubuda kweiyo coil 3 inowedzerwa kuIo, iyo inokonzeresa magineti inotendererawo wachi, uye magineti echigarire anoramba achitenderera.Tichifunga kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chazvino chiri sinusoidal, kukosha kwazvino pano io × chivi (π 3) = io× √ 32. Kuburikidza nevector synthesis yemagnetic field, iyo yakazara magnetic field (√ 32) 2 × 2 = 1.5 nguva dze magnetic field inogadzirwa nekoiri.※.Kana chikamu chega chega chiripo chiri sine wave, zvisinei kuti magineti echigarire aripi, ukuru hwevector inoumba magineti ndeye 1.5 nguva dzemagineti inogadzirwa necoil, uye iyo magineti inoumba 90-degree angle maererano ne iyo magnetic field yemagineti asingagumi.③ Mumamiriro ekuramba achitenderera nemadhigirii makumi matatu, ikozvino Io/2 inoyerera ichipinda mucoil 1, yazvino Io/2 inoyerera ichipinda mucoil 2, uye yazvino Io inoyerera kubva mucoil 3. Rutivi rwekunze rwekoiri 1 runova S pole. , rutivi rwekunze rwekoiri 2 runova S pole, uye rutivi rwokunze rwekoiri 3 runova N pole.Kana mavector abatanidzwa, iyo magineti inogadzirwa ndeye 1.5 nguva inogadzirwa apo iyo yazvino Io inoyerera kuburikidza nekoiri (yakafanana ne ①).Pano, inogadzirwa magineti ine kona ye90 madhigirii inoenderana neiyo magineti yemagineti yechigarire ichagadzirwawo uye ichitenderedzwa wachi.④～⑥ Tenderedza nenzira imwechete se ① ~ ③.Nenzira iyi, kana yazvino ichiyerera ichipinda mucoil ichiramba ichichinjika zvichienderana nenzvimbo yegineti isingaperi, magineti echigarire anotenderera munzira yakatarwa.Saizvozvo, kana ikozvino ichiyerera ichienda kune yakatarisana uye iyo yakagadzirwa magineti yakadzoserwa kumashure, inotenderera inopesana newachi.Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza ikozvino kwekoiri yega yega munhanho imwe neimwe kubva ① kusvika ⑥.Kuburikidza nesumo iri pamusoro, tinofanira kukwanisa kunzwisisa hukama huripo pakati pekuchinja kwazvino nekutenderera.stepmotor Kutsika mota imhando yemota inokwanisa kudzora kutenderera kona uye nekumhanyisa synchronously uye nemazvo ne pulse sign.Kutsika mota kunonzi zvakare "pulse mota".Kutsika mota kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo inoda chinzvimbo nekuti inogona kuona chaiyo chinzvimbo chete kuburikidza yakavhurika-loop control pasina kushandisa chinzvimbo sensor.Chimiro cheanotsika mota (mbiri-chikamu bipolar) Mumienzaniso yekutaridzika, kutaridzika kweHB (hybrid) uye PM (anogara magineti) anokwira mota anopihwa.Iyo dhizaini yemukati inoratidzawo chimiro cheHB nePM.Stepper mota chimiro chine yakagadziriswa coil uye inotenderera inogara magineti.Iyo yekufungidzira dhizaini yemukati chimiro chekutsika mota kurudyi muenzaniso wePM mota uchishandisa maviri-chikamu (mapoka maviri) coils.Mune yekutanga chimiro muenzaniso weinotsika mota, iyo coil yakarongwa kunze uye magineti echigarire akarongwa mukati.Pamusoro pezvikamu zviviri, kune marudzi akawanda emakoiri ane zvikamu zvitatu uye zvishanu zvakaenzana.Mamwe ma motors ekutsika ane mamwe maumbirwo akasiyana, asi kuti azivise misimboti yavo yekushanda, bepa iri rinopa iyo yakakosha chimiro cheanotsika mota.Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi, ndinotarisira kunzwisisa kuti mota inotsika inotora chimiro chekugadzirisa coil uye chisingaperi magineti kutenderera.Yekutanga kushanda musimboti wekutsika mota (imwe-chikamu kunakidzwa) Zvinotevera zvinoshandisa kusuma yakakosha kushanda musimboti wekutsika mota.① Yazvino inoyerera ichipinda kubva kuruboshwe rwekoiri 1 uye ichibuda kubva kurudyi rwekoiri 1. Usarega ikozvino ichiyerera nemukoiri 2. Panguva ino, mukati meiyo kuruboshwe coil 1 inova N, uye mukati me iyo coil yerudyi 1 inova S.. Naizvozvo, iyo yepakati isingaperi magineti inokwezvwa nemagnetic field yecoil 1, uye inomira munzvimbo yekuruboshwe S uye kurudyi N.. ② Mira ikozvino mucoil 1, kuitira kuti ikozvino inoyerera ichibva kudivi repamusoro recoil 2 uye inoyerera ichibuda kubva kudivi rezasi rekoiri 2. Rutivi rwomukati rwekoiri yepamusoro 2 inova N uye rutivi rwomukati rwekoiri yepasi 2 inova S.. Magineti asingagumi inokwezvwa nemagineti ayo uye inomira kutenderera 90 newachi.③ Misa ikozvino mucoil 2, kuitira kuti ikozvino inoyerera ichibva kurutivi rworudyi rwekoiri 1 uye ichiyerera ichibva kuruboshwe rwekoiri 1. Mukati mekona yekuruboshwe 1 inova S, uye mukati mekona yekurudyi 1. inova N.. Iyo magineti yechigarire inokwezvwa neayo magineti, uye inotenderera newachi kuti imwe 90 madhigirii imire.④ Misa ikozvino mukoiri 1, kuitira kuti ikozvino inoyerera ichipinda kubva kudivi rezasi rekoiri 2 uye ichiyerera ichibva kumusoro kwekoiri 2. Mukati meiyo yepamusoro coil 2 inova S, uye mukati meiyo. yakaderera coil 2 inova N.. Iyo magineti yechigarire inokwezvwa neayo magineti, uye inotenderera wachi kuti imwe 90 madhigirii imire.Iyo inotsika mota inogona kutenderedzwa nekuchinja ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza necoil mune iyo iri pamusoro odha kubva ① kuenda ④ kuburikidza nemagetsi dunhu.Mumuenzaniso uyu, shanduko yega yega inotenderedza mota yekutsika ne90. Mukuwedzera, kana yazvino ichiramba ichiyerera nepakati peimwe coil, inogona kuchengetedza mamiriro ekumira uye kuita kuti mota inotsika iite torque.Nenzira, kana ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nekoiri yakadzoserwa, iyo stepper mota inogona kutenderedzwa kune yakatarisana.
