14 Taboos yekuisa mavharuvhu
Tabhoo 1
Kuedzwa kwekumanikidza kwemvura kuchaitwa pakupisa kwakashata mukuvakwa kwechando.Mhedzisiro: Nekuti pombi inotonhora nekukurumidza panguva yekuedzwa kwemvura, pombi inoomesa nechando.Matanho: Edza kuita bvunzo yekumanikidza mvura nguva yechando isati yasvika, uye vhuvhuta mvura mushure mekudzvanya bvunzo, kunyanya mvura iri muvharuvhu inofanira kubviswa, kana zvisina kudaro vharafu inotonhora uye inotsemuka.Kana kuyedzwa kwemvura kunofanirwa kuitwa munguva yechando, kunofanirwa kuitwa pane yakanaka tembiricha yemukati, uye mvura inofanirwa kupeperetswa yakachena mushure mekudzvanywa bvunzo.Kana iyo mvura yekumanikidza bvunzo isingakwanise kuitwa, mweya wakamanikidzwa unogona kushandiswa kuyedza.
Taboo II
Mutambo wepombi hauna kushambidzwa nokungwarira usati wapera, uye mwero wekuyerera uye kumhanya kwaisakwanisa kuita zvinodiwa pakugezwa kwepombi.Kunyangwe iyo mvura yekumanikidza simba bvunzo inoshandiswa kudhiza mvura pachinzvimbo chekutsvaira.Mhedzisiro: Hunhu hwemvura haugone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushanda kwepombi system, izvo zvinowanzo tungamira mukuderedzwa kana kuvharika kwechikamu chepombi.Matanho: Flush nehupamhi hwekuyerera kwedhizaini muhurongwa kana chiyero chekuyerera kwemvura isiri pasi pe3m / s. mvura nekuona.
Sewage, mvura inonaya uye pombi dzecondensate zvichavanzwa pasina bvunzo yekuvhara mvura.Mhedzisiro: Inogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura uye kurasikirwa kune vashandisi.Matanho: Iyo yakavharwa bvunzo yemvura inotariswa uye inogamuchirwa zvakanyatsoenderana nezvakatemwa.Kuvigwa kwepasi, sirin'i, kamuri yepombi uye mamwe mapombi akavanzika, mvura inonaya, pombi dzekondensate, nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti hazvipindike.
Taboo 4 Munguva yekuyedzwa kwesimba re hydraulic uye kuvuza bvunzo yepombi system, chete shanduko yekumanikidza kukosha uye nhanho yemvura inocherechedzwa, uye kuongororwa kwekudonha hakuna kukwana.Mhedzisiro: Iyo pombi system inodonha mushure mekushanda, iyo inokanganisa kushandiswa kwakajairwa.Matanho: Kana iyo pombi system yakayedzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira uye zvirevo zvekuvaka, kunze kwekurekodha kukosha kwekumanikidza kana shanduko yemvura mukati menguva yakatarwa, zvinonyanya kukosha kunyatso tarisa kana paine dambudziko rekudonha.Taboo 5 Yakajairika mavharuvhu maflange e butterfly valve flanges.Migumisiro: Saizi yevharuvhu yeshavishavi yakasiyana neyakajairwa vharafu, uye mamwe maflange ane dhayamita diki mukati, nepo dhisiki revharuvhu rakakura, zvichikonzera kutadza kuvhura kana kuvhurika kwakaoma, nokudaro kukuvadza vharafu.Zviyero: Iyo flange inofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nehukuru chaihwo hwevhavhavhavhavha flange.Iko hakuna maburi akachengetwa uye zvikamu zvakadzimirirwa mukuvakwa kwechivako chechivako, kana maburi akachengetwa madiki muhukuru uye zvikamu zvakadzimirirwa hazvina kunyorwa.Mhedzisiro: Panguva yekuvakwa kweprojekti yekudziya uye yehutsanana, chivako chekuvaka chinocherwa, uye kunyange bhari yakasimbiswa inogurwa, iyo inokanganisa kushanda kwekuchengetedza kwechivako.Matanho: Ziva kudhirowa kwekuvaka kweiyo yekudziya uye yehutsanana purojekiti nekungwarira, uye nekushingaira kushandira pamwe nekuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvekuvaka kuchengetedza maburi uye zvikamu zvakamisikidzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuisa mapaipi uye zvinotsigira uye zvinorembera, zvichinyatso tarisa kune dhizaini zvinodiwa. uye zvirevo zvekuvaka.Taboo 7 Pakuchidzira pombi, majoini akadzedzereka epombi haasi pamutsetse wepakati mushure mebutt joint, zvichisiya pasina gaka pajojo rebutt, uye mapaipi ane madziro akakobvu haatenderere, saka hupamhi nekukwirira kweweld hazvisangane. zvinodikanwa zvekuvaka zvirevo.Mhedzisiro: iyo pombi dislocation haisi mumutsara wepakati, iyo inokanganisa zvakananga welding yemhando uye yemhando yekuona.Hapana gaka rinosara mujoini yebhut, iyo gobvu-yakakomberedzwa pombi haina foshoro groove, uye welding haigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba kana hupamhi uye kukwirira kweweld zvisingaite zvinodiwa.Zviyero: Mushure mekupinza chidimbu chejojo yepombi, mapaipi haafanire kudzedzereka, uye anofanirwa kunge ari pamutsetse wepakati, ane maburi akasara mujoini yebutt.Mapaipi akakomberedzwa nemadziro anofanirwa kucheneswa, uye hupamhi uye kureba kweweld kunofanirwa kusungirirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveiyo yakatarwa.
Taboo 8 Iyo pombi inovigwa zvakananga muivhu rakaomeswa nechando uye isina kucheneswa ivhu, uye nzvimbo nenzvimbo yemapaipi piers hazvina kunaka, kunyangwe muchimiro chezvidhinha zvakaoma.Mhedzisiro: Iyo pombi yakakuvadzwa mukuita kwekudzosera kumashure compaction nekuda kwerutsigiro rusina kugadzikana, zvichikonzera rework uye kugadzirisa.Matanho: Iyo pombi haizovigwa muivhu rakaomeswa nechando kana ivhu risina kucheneswa, kuparadzaniswa kwepier kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvaka, uye padhi rinotsigira richava rakasimba, kunyanya pakusangana kwepombi, uye harizoite simba rekugera.Mapazi ezvidhinha anofanira kuvakwa nesamende dhaka kuti ave nechokwadi chekutendeseka uye kusimba.Taboo 9 Zvigadzirwa zvebhaudhi yekuwedzera yekugadzirisa pombi bracket yakaderera, iyo yekuisa yekuisa bhaudhi yekuwedzera yakakura kwazvo, kana bhaudhi yekuwedzera yakaiswa pamadziro ezvidhinha kana kunyange madziro akareruka.Mhedzisiro: iyo pombi bracket yakasununguka, uye pombi inoremara kana kutodonha.Matanho: zvigadzirwa zvinokodzera zvinofanirwa kusarudzirwa mabhaudhi ekuwedzera, uye kana zvichidikanwa, sampuli dzinofanirwa kutorwa kuti dziongororwe.Iyo dhayamita yegomba yekuisa mabhaudhi ekuwedzera haifanirwe kunge yakakura kupfuura 2mm, uye mabhaudhi ekuwedzera anofanirwa kuiswa kune zvivakwa zvekongiri.Taboo 10 Iyo flange uye gasket yekubatanidza pombi haina kusimba zvakakwana, uye mabhaudhi ekubatanidza mapfupi kana matete padhayamita.Mapedhi erabha anoshandiswa pakudziisa pombi, mapaipi easbestos anoshandiswa papombi dzemvura inotonhora, uye mapedhi ane maviri-layer kana mapedhi akarerekera anoshandiswa, uye flange pads anobuda mupombi.Mhedzisiro: iyo flange joint haina kusimba, kana kutokuvadzwa, zvichikonzera kuvuza.Iyo flange gasket inobuda mupombi, iyo inowedzera kuyerera kwemvura.Matanho: Flange uye gasket yepombi inofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa pombi dhizaini yekushanda kumanikidza.Iyo flange gasket yekudziya uye inopisa mvura yekugovera pombi inofanira kunge iri rubber asbestos gasket;Rubber gasket inofanira kushandiswa kune flange gasket yemvura yekupa uye pombi yemvura.Flange gasket haifanire kubuda mupombi, uye inotenderera yayo inofanira kusvika kune flange bolt gomba.Bevel pads kana akati wandei gaskets haafaniri kuiswa pakati peflange.Iyo dhayamita yebhoti inobatanidza flange inofanira kuva isingasviki 2mm, uye kureba kwebhoti tsvimbo inobuda kubva kune nut inofanira kuva 1/2 yehupamhi hwehutu.Taboo 11 Valve yekuisa nzira haina kunaka.Semuenzaniso, mvura (steam) inoyerera nzira yevhavha yekumisa kana cheki vharafu yakatarisana nechiratidzo, tsinde yevharuvhu yakaiswa pasi, cheki chekivhavha yakamisikidzwa yakatwasuka, mubato wekuvhura-stem gedhi vharafu kana butterfly valve ine. hapana nzvimbo yekuvhura nekuvhara, uye tsinde yevhavha yevhavha yakavanzwa haitarise pamusuwo wekuongorora.Mhedzisiro: Kukundikana kwevharuvhu, kushandura kugadzirisa kwakaoma, uye tsinde yevharuvhu ichidzika pasi kazhinji inokonzeresa kubuda kwemvura.Zviyero: Isa vharafu zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yekuisa valve.Mavharuvhu egedhi akavhurika anofanirwa kuve nehurefu hwakakwana hwekuvhura kwekuwedzera kwevharuvhu.Butterfly mavharuvhu anofanirwa kufunga zvizere nzvimbo yekutenderera kwemubato, uye marudzi ese emadzinde evharuvhu haafanire kuve yakaderera pane yakachinjika chinzvimbo, ndoda kudzika.Ivhavha yakavanzwa haifaniri kunge yakashongedzerwa negonhi rekuongorora kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekuvhura nekuvhara kwevhavha, asiwo tsinde yevhavha inofanira kutarisana nemusuo wekuongorora.
Taboo 12 Izvo zvinotsanangurwa uye mhando dzemavharuvhu akaiswa hazvienderane nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Semuenzaniso, kudzvinyirirwa kwezita revhavha ishoma pane system test pressure;Kana iyo dhayamita yepombi yebazi rekupa mvura isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne50mm, gedhi revhavha rinoshandiswa;Mapaipi akaoma uye akatwasuka ekudziya kwemvura inopisa anotora mavharuvhu ekumisa;Pombi yekukweva yepombi yemoto inotora vharuvhu yeshavishavi.Mhedzisiro: ichakanganisa kuvhurika kwakajairika nekuvhara kwevhavha uye kugadzirisa mabasa akadai sekupokana nekumanikidza.Kunyange kukonzera kuti valve ikuvadzwe uye inomanikidzwa kugadziriswa panguva yekushanda kwehurongwa.Zviyero: Iva neruzivo nechiyero chekushandiswa kwemavharuvhu akasiyana, uye sarudza zvakatemwa uye mhando dzemavharuvhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Iyo yekumanikidza yezita revhavha ichasangana nezvinodiwa zve system test pressure.Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuvakwa kwekuvaka: dhayamita yemvura yepombi yebazi pombi isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne50mm, uye valve yekumisa inofanira kutorwa;Kana iyo dhayamita yepombi yakakura kupfuura 50mm, vharafu yegedhi inofanira kutorwa.Mavharuvhu egedhi anofanirwa kushandiswa kune yakaoma uye yakatwasuka yekudzora mavharuvhu ekudziya kwemvura inopisa, uye mavharuvhu eshavishavi haafanire kushandiswa pakusveta pombi dzepombi dzemoto.
Taboo 13 Kutadza kuita ongororo yemhando inodiwa isati yaiswa valve.Mhedzisiro: Ivhavha yevhavha haigadziriswi panguva yekushanda kwehurongwa, uye valve haina kuvharwa zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti chiitiko chekubuda kwemvura (steam), zvichiita kuti pave nekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa, uye kunyange kukanganisa mvura yakajairika (steam).Matanho: Pamberi pekuiswa kwevharuvhu, simba rekumanikidza uye bvunzo yekuvuza inofanira kuitwa.Muedzo uchaitwa nesampling 10% yebatch yega yega (yakafanana mhando, yakafanana dhizaini uye yakafanana modhi) uye isiri pasi peimwe.Kune mavharuvhu akavharwa akaiswa papombi huru kuti agure, simba uye kumisikidza miedzo inofanira kuitwa imwe neimwe.Simba revharuvhu uye kudzvinyirirwa kweyekuvhuvhuta kunoenderana neKodhi yekugamuchirwa kweKuvaka Hunhu hweKuvaka Mvura Yekuvaka uye Drainage uye Heating Injiniya (GB 50242-2002).Taboo 14 Zvishandiso zvikuru, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukuvaka zvipfupi zvehunyanzvi magwaro ekuongorora emhando kana zvitupa zvechigadzirwa zvinosangana neazvino nyika kana makurukota.Migumisiro: hutano hwepurojekiti hauna kukodzera, uye kune njodzi dzakavanzika dzetsaona, saka haigoni kuendeswa panguva yakatarwa uye inofanira kugadziriswa uye kugadziriswa;Nguva yekuvaka yakanonoka uye kuwedzera kwevashandi uye kuisa zvinhu.Matanho: izvo zvakakosha zvekushandisa, zvishandiso uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukugovera mvura uye kudhiraivha uye kupisa uye hutsanana mapurojekiti anofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi magwaro ekuongorora emhando kana zvitupa zvechigadzirwa zvinosangana nezviyero zvazvino zvakapihwa nehurumende kana Ministry;Zita rechigadzirwa, modhi, yakatarwa, yenyika mhando chiyero kodhi, zuva refekitori, zita remugadziri nenzvimbo, uye fekitori yekuongorora chigadzirwa chitupa kana kodhi icharatidzwa.
Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekambani yedu
